Chapter 23 Study Questions

1) What ideas or ideologies lead to World War I beginning? 
-Nationalism, it only takes a spark to start a roaring fire. So when one nation attacks another, they get all of their allies in a return attack too. 


 2) Outline the specific events in 1914 that led to a World War.
-The assaination of Franz Ferdinand. 
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-3) What advancements in technology help create massive causalities?
-The airplane, bombs, toxic gases, although they killed themselves just as much as they killed the enemy with gas because of the wind. 


4) How did the forming of alliances increase the likelihood of war?
-Well, with the alliances, you don't just attack one nation, you attack 5 different countries. So, it gets them more and more involved and eventually you have a world war. 


5) List the Allies and the Central Powers during the war.
-Allies
Ireland
United Kingdom
France
Portugal
Italy
Serbia
Greece
Monte Negro
Romania 
Russia
U.S.
-Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire


6) Explain how world in Europe brought an economic boom for the United States.
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-7) Briefly discuss the importance of the following battles: Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli, Argonne Forest.
-Marne- it was fought between September 5-12, 1914 and is saved Paris from invasion by the Germans and boosted French moral. It also made it clear that neither side was going the win the war quickly or easily. 
-Verdun- It was one the longest and bloodiest battle of the war, there were 750,000 deaths in that battle alone. 
-Somme- This battle was going on while Verdun was going on. The British and French gained 7 miles in the offensive attack. The number of casualties was very high, yet again. 
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8) Who was the U.S. General in Command during the war?
-General John J. Pershing. 


-9) Write three questions of your own based on information that you found interesting in these sections.
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ALSO PAGE 692 questions 5-17.
5) Why did European nations form alliances?
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6) Why did the Zimmermann telegram push the United States toward war?
-Cause the German's were trying to bribe the Mexicans to join the war. 


7) What was Sussex Pledge?
- They wouldn't sink merchant ships unless there was war supplies and if they do sink the ship they have to make sure that all of the passengers are safe before they sink it. 


8) Who won the presidency in the election of 1916?
- Woodrow Wilson 


9) How did Russia's withdrawal affect World War I?
- Russia's withdrawal from the war allowed hundreds of thousands of troops, in the line of battle, from the Eastern front to the Western front in France. 


10) In what ways did the war help improve condition for American workers?
-The government needed people to work and get jobs so people could make unions, get eight hour work days, and blacks and mexicans and women got equal pay and equal job opportunities. 


11) Who were the leaders at the Paros Peace Conference?
-President Woodrow Wilson of the US
Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain
Premier Georges Clemenceau of FrancePrime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy

12) What was Henry Cabot Lodge's greatest concern about the League of Nations?
-That if the US joined to League of Nations that American troops and ships may be called to any part of the world by a nation other than the US.


13) What advantages did airplanes provide in the war? 
-It was easier to attack and bomb cities. Also they could transport things faster. 


14) How did President Wilson use Russia's revolution in March of 1917 to gain support for the war?
- Many American's thought that Russia's new government would help the Allies. Wilson could then claim that the Allies were fighting a war of democracy against autocracy.


15) What four nations dominated the Paris Peace Conference? 
-U.K, U.S., France, Italy. 


16) Explain the causes of labor shortage in the United States during the war. 
-It provided new job opportunities for women and minorities. Many woman joined the workforce for the first time and were hired for jobs previously held by men. 
It also brought thousands of African AMericans to Northern cities.
Thousands of Mexican's also migrated to the US 

Progressive Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt

-1902, he ordered the justice department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. He targeted the Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly. The trust was broken apart.

-He obtained a total of 25 legal charges against trusts in the beef, oil, and tobacco companies.

-He made the United Mine Workers have a normal work patterns so more people got more hours and more pay.

-He enforced the U.S. Forest Service in 1905 to help conserve natural resources. He reserved millions of acres of national forest.

William Howard Taft

-He won more antitrust in four years then Roosevelt did in seven.

-He favored the introduction of safety standers in the mines and railroad.

-In 1912, Roosevelt challenged Roosevelt in the election because he was disappointed in Taft. He thought that he was changed his ways. Roosevelt was angry that he didn’t get the nomination on the first ballot so he formed the Progressive party. Neither of them won, Wilson did.

Woodrow Wilson

-He achieved tariff reform in 1913.

-That same year, Congress also passed the Federal Reserve Act to regulate banking.

-In 1914 he established the Federal Trade Commission to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices. 

Chapter 21 Questions

How did corrupt political bosses get voters for their parties?
-They also did favors for people, such as offering turkey dinner and summer boats rides. They provided jobs for immagrants. They also helped needy families. 


Why were journalists important to the reform movement?
-Muckrakers exposed injustices and corruption. They wrote newspaper and magazine articles that brought problems to the attention of the public. 


What amendment provided for the direct election of senators?
-The 17th amendment. 


What amendment provided for woman suffrage?
-The 19th amendment. 


What is arbitration?
-It is settling a dispute by agreeing to except the decision of an impartial outsider. 


Why did progressives form their own political party? 
-They formed their own party because they were angry that Taft received the first nomination on the first ballot and they supported Roosevelt. 


What was the purpose of the Federal reserve act?
-To regulate banking. 


What is discrimination?
-Hating on people because of where they came from or their race or religion.  


What did  Dr. Carlos Montezuma think about native american reservations?
-He thought that native americans should leave the reservations and make their way into white society.

Why did mexican Americans organize mutualistas?
-They were self defense associations to raise money for insurance and legal help.

How did the 17th amendment give people a greater voice in government? 
-It let the people vote for their representatives directly.


Why was the railroad industry subject to money government regulations?
- Because they were charging to much and reformers tried to regulate their prices. 


Identify how these laws promote justice and ensure citizens rights. The laws are: The 19th amendment, recall, initiative, and referendum. 
The 19th amendment- Women have to right to vote and it gave them us all power instead of being sexist. 
Recall-Enabled voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from their jobs.  
Initiative- Aloud citizens to place a measure or issue one the ballot in a state election. 
Referendum- Gave voters the opportunity to except or reject measures that the state legislature enacted 

Chapter 19

What improvements in railway transportation were brought about by new technology

The air brakes, electromagnetic brake, refrigerated cars, Janney car cuplers, and Polmen sleeping cars.  

What were four of Thomas Edison's inventions?

The light bulb, the phonograph, the motion picture projector, and the telephone transmitter.  

What inventions improved communications in the late 1800s?

The telegraph and the telephone.

What manufacturing methods did Henry Ford use to make his new automobile affordable?

The assembly line. 

What is vertical integration?

Accruing company the divided the equipment and surveys needed. 

What action did Congress take to control trusts and monopolies in response to pressure from the American people?

Shurman's Antitrust act. 

What is collective bargaining?

Unions represent workers in bargaining with management. 

How did the Haymarket Riot of 1886 affect public opinion about the labor movement?

Many people associated it terrorism and disorient.

Describe the contributions of African American inventors in the late 1800s.

Luis Howard Latimer developed and improved filament for the light bulb. Grainvile Woods patented the electric incubator, electromagnetic brake, and an automatic circuit breaker. Elijah McCoy he invented a mechanism for oiling machinery. Jan E. Matzeliger he developed a shoe making machine.


How did horizontal integration differ from vertical integration?
Horizontal combined competing firms into one corporation. Vertical acquired companies that provided the need equipment and services.  

Why did the workers think that forming organized labor unions would help them get what they wanted from employers?

More people would listen to you when you have a union apposed to one person. 


Describe two ways in which the growing railroad network helped American industry.
Expansion into the west and the transpiration of good and people cross country.


USE THE MAP ON PAGE 577


What forms of transportation moved goods into and out of this region?
Trains and Ships

What industry grew in the timbered regions of Wisconsin and Michigan?
Sawmills 

Identify the major iron/steel manufacturing centers shown on the map.
South Bend, Detroit, Cleveland, Youngs Town, Buffalo, and Pittsburgh.


USE MAP ON PAGE 560.


If you traveled from Florida to California, what time zones would you cross?
eastern, central, mountain, and Pacific time zones. 

If it is 6 AM in Maine, what time is it in Hawaii?
1Am

If it is 3 PM in Texas, what time is it in Alaska?

12 pm