Chapter 15 and 16 The American Journey

Chapter 15

What was the purpose of the Missouri compromise?

-The purpose of the Missouri compromise was the settle the arguments about Slavery.  

List the five parts of the compromise of 1850.

- It was a compromise that made California a free state.

-New Mexico and Utah had no restriction on slavery

-No slave trade in D.C.

-Fugitive slave law provided justice to assist slave owners in recovery run away slaves.

-Texas had no restrictions on slavery and gained 10 million dollars for the land that cam to be New Mexico and its boundaries were set.

What was Stephen Douglas’s solution to the slavery issue in the Kansas and Nebraska territories?

-He proposed abandoning the Missouri compromise and letting the settlers in each territory vote weather to allow slavery.

How did Abraham Lincoln become a national figure in politics?

-He had a heated debate with Douglas about slavery and slave owners rights. Lincoln was one of the first people to nationally defend black people. He lots the election but became a national figure ever sense.

What was the Dred Scott decision? What did he mean for those opposed to slavery?

-The Dred Scott decision had to do with the man, Dred Scott, and how he tried to sue for freedom, because he was once on free soil. The court decided that an enslaved person was property, and the Fifth Amendment prohibits Congress fro taking away property without due process of law. The Republicans were outraged and thought it was the greatest crime ever committed in the nations court. The Democrats, on the other hand, were pleased that the Republicans were ruled unconstitutional.

Why were there four parties and candidates in the presidential election of 1860?

- The Democratic Party spilt over the slavery issue and nominated two candidates in separate conventions. The republicans were a new party made up of northern whigs and others. They were against expansions of slavery and apposed Bucannon.

How did Lincoln plan to prevent secession?

-He said that the secession would not be permitted, vowing to hold federal property in the south and to enforce the laws of the U.S.

Chapter 16

-1861-1865

-They had a more experienced military they were defending their territory and strong supposed from the southern white population.

-Abraham Lincoln was for the union and Jefferson Davis was for the confederacy.

-She started delivering supplies and aiding the union she assisted surgeons with supplies and helped in the operations for the entire war.  

-It would keep the south from exporting cotton and importing supplies.

-This was a battle where the confederates outnumbered the union but the union won because of their surprise attack. The confederate arm lost 7000+ men.

-He would free all of the African Americans in the south forever!

-The union let the blacks fight which benefitted them because they new the land of the south.

-When the slaves ran away it left their cotton fields to die and trade was cut by more then 2/3.

-Lee’s soldiers had to lay down their arms, but then were free to go home, keep their horses and got enough food for three days.

-They are upset, and most of them left because they didn’t want to secede from the union.

-The river allowed access to all trade and when the north gained control, it was very helpful.

-The war needed fighters, and so the Blacks were glad to fight as long as it meant they got their freedom.

 

-He had professional military training and bold.  

Don't Know Much About History, Road to the CIvil War

1.     How had the U.S. changed in the 72 years from Washington to Lincoln?

a.     More states, before,

b.     slaves were legal, but now there are slave states and free states

                                               i.     South was based on farming, north with shipping an trade.

2.     Who invented the cotton gin? How did the cotton gin change the country?

a.     Eli Whitney

b.     It makes cotton very profitable, before cotton it took a slave a long time to get the seeds, but the gin makes it easier.

c.      Mass production, leads to the manufacturing of clock, locks, and guns. 

3.     Discuss the difference between the North and the South by 1860. Why was it two cultures with two ideologies?

a.     The north was more populated and expanding their farming and manufacturing.

b.     The south had more slaves. White population wasn’t, but slaves were.

c.      The south wanted to be left alone, they thought the north was trying to take over.

4.     What did the future President Grant say about the Mexican-American war?

a.     It was one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against weaker nation.

5.     How did the U.S. start the Mexican-American war? What did Zachary Taylor do to start the war?

a.     They built a fort to an area that was disputed.

b.     They sent someone across the river which was like invading.

6.     How did Henry David Thoreau protest the Mexican American War? How did this protest change in the world?

a.     He did pay his pole tax and spent the night in jail. Then he wrote a paper that inspires people about protesting.

7.     Who was Frederick Douglas? Why was he important?

a.     A newspaper writer in New York, also an escaped slave.

8.     What was the Underground Railroad? Where did it run?

a.     A route where people smuggled slaves to either Canada or free states up north.

9.     Who was Harriet Tubman? Why was she important?

a.     She escaped but she came back and help other slave escape. She lead all the slave to freedom.

10. What was the compromise of 1850? What bills came out of it?

a.     It was a compromise that made California a free state.

b.     New Mexico and Utah had no restriction on slavery

c.      No slave trade in D.C.

d.     Fugitive slave law provided justice to assist slave owners in recovery run away slaves.

11. Why was Uncle Tom’s cabin important?

a.     It showed what really happened to the slaves

b.     It showed that slaves were actually people not property

12. What were Lincoln’s words to Stowe about the book?

a.     “so you’re the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war.”

13. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

a.     Bug argument over whether Kansas and Nebraska was able to be free or slave, and the people got to choose.

14. Why was Kansas bloody?

a.     First battle in the civil war and over 200 people died.

15. What did John Brown do in Kansas?

a.     He was the fist anti slavery attacker.

16. What was he Dred Scott case? What was the outcome?

a.     A slave was suing his owners for freedom because he was in a place where slavery was illegal. 

17. How did John Brown have a sense of humor?

a.     He put a cheap price on the president for 2.50

18. What was John Brown’s plan when he attacked Harpers ferry?

a.     He was going to take over the arsenal and have slave come and fight for him. No one came and he was captured. 

Chapter 12 Questions

1) What was Manifest Destiny? 
It was this idea that Americans had this god given right and duty to expand the entire country from coast to coast. 

2) The Oregon Territory consisted of what area? Who claimed it?
The Oregon Territory consisted of land between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains north of California. It included Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming. four nations staked claim on the land, The United States, Great Britain, Spain, and Russia. 


3) Who were the Mountain Men?
They were men who were involved with the the American Fur Company.They were trappers and fur traders. They spent most of their time in the rocky mountains. They also adopted


4) Why was the Oregon Trail important? 
Because the depression in 1837 hit Mississippi really hard so they all wanted to move and it started the Oregon fever and they used the Oregon trail to get there.



5) Discuss the meaning behind the slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"?
It refereed to the line of latitude that most democrats thought should be the nations northern boarder in Oregon. 

6) James Polk made what promises to the American public during the election of 1844 (list four - you might need to look up on the Internet).
-US would either take or fight for Oregon territory

-Take California from Mexico
-Retire after four years
-Lower the tariff to the Federal Government. 


7) Discuss how Texas became independent.
-Most of the settlers were from America to begin with.
-People who lived in Texas made an army and then took San Antonio
-A lot of battles happened there

8) Discuss the battles of The Alamo and San Jacinto.
         During the battle of the Alamo the Texans had 180 soldiers and had cannons, but little gun powder. The Mexicans, on the other hand, had thousands of soldiers and had a lot of supplies. The Texans held out for 12 days until the Mexicans busted down the walls of the Alamo with cannons and rampaged the Texans.
         During the battle of San Jacinto Commander Sam Houston led a small army on a surprise attack on the Mexicans near Santa Anna. They killed about 600 people and then took Santa Anna.

9) How long did it take the U.S. to annex Texas? Why?
It took about 8 years. There was worry that having another slave state would upset the ratio to free states. 


10) How did the Mexican-American War start? Why did it start? Was it a "Just War"?
-President Polk wanted the money that the Mexicans owed him so he provoked them. They won't pay up so Polk sent an army to go collect the money.
 -The American's wanted to control the California and New Mexico land.
-The term was used because the Mexican's invaded American land and the American's didn't  even notice.



11) What was the American response to the war? 
Some people supported it because they thought it was all about Manifest Destiny but others were did't support it.



12) List the major battles of the war.
-Battle of Mexico City

-Unavista
-Monterey, Sep. 1847
-Buena Vista 


13) What was the cost of the war?
$125 million

14) Why was the California Gold Rush important?
It brought more population and bumped up economy. Also it lead Mormons to Utah.

15) Answer the following questions on page 380 - #6 - #10, #13-#15.
#6- They made the boundary at 49 degrees North,
#7- Because he thought it would upset the balance between free states and slave states. 
#8- Having an ocean boarder would be safer from other countries. 
#9- Mexico refused to sell California and New Mexico to America and that texas was annexed with Mexicans thought was illegal. 
#10- They had no where else to buy supplies so merchants could charge anything they wanted. 
#13- The states gained a lot of land, almost doubling its land when we gained California. 
#14-they thought it was unreasonable and were upset about it. 
#15- Well the American's weren't able to come to a compromise with the Mexicans so a war broke out. 

Manifest Destiny

In this painting, it may want to persuade people to fulfill their Manifest Destiny because, as you can see in the painting, in front of the angle that is supposed to represent America, is very dark and gloomy. Behind the angle, in the other hand, is a better life. So it is suggesting that by exploring new land, it will make for an easier life. Also, I think that they brought religion into this because it made the settlers who are killing natives feel better because they feel it is what god wants. So it makes people feel better about themselves. So, I think the Artist is using the images, such as trains, to represent a more sophisticated sociaty that people can obtain by exploring new land and taking it for themselves.