Chapter 7 Questions to Know

1) What are the three branches of government and what are the powers of each?
The legislative Branch makes the law, the executive branch makes sure that these laws and policies are carried out, and the judicial Branch is the court system that settles disputes between the states. 


2) How can these branches check and balance each other?
Both the house and the senate must pass a bill for it to become a law. The president can check Congress by vetoing the bill. However, Congress can then check the president by overriding the veto, To override a veto, two-thirds of the members of both houses of Congress must vote for the bill. 

3) What were the compromises to the constitution?
Two compromises were that there was a tow house legislature. the house of representatives and the senate. The number of representatives are determined by the population of the state and the two people from each state were in the Senate. The other compromise was to count each enslaved person as three-fifths of a free person for both taxation and representation.  

4) Who wrote the Federalist papers?
John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. 

5) What was the Bill of Rights? Why did some states demand its inclusion before they ratified the constitution? 
The bill of right made sure the government didn't abuse their power, some states demanded one because they didn't want the central government to become so powerful that it was like having another king which is they they fought so hard not to have. 


6) What were the anti-federalists main fears about the constitution?
The main argument was that the new constitution would take away the American people's liberties and that the central government would become so powerful that they would forget about the states and the people and favor the richer people over a common person. So basically the anti-federalists thought that the new constitution would give the central government to much power. 

Study Questions

1.  What was the 1st constitution? What powers did it give the government?
1. The Articles of Confederation. It gave the congress the power to control the war and foreign policy. 
2. What was the paradox of the war (at least from Britain's point of view)?
1. The British had no reason for winning the war, if anything if they won it would only make for problems, and if they lost the only thing it would hurt was their pride.
3. What was Washington's main strength as a commander? Why did he win the war?
1. He was a gentlemen and never did anything cruel. Also he knew his main task was to train the army, keep it in the field, supply it, and pay it. He also was a strategist.   
4. What were the four point of the Peace of Paris- as laid out by John Adams
1. The four points
1. outright independence of the Untied States, and withdrawal of all British forces
2. Canada to remain British and a definitive boundary to be drawn. 
3. Agreement on the boundaries of all Thirteen States
4. Freedom for fishing off Newfoundland, the first international fisheries agreement
5. Why did slavery increase during the revolution? 
1. There was no mention of freedom made in the Declaration
6. Who were the big losers of the war (name three)? List what they lost and explain why they are the biggest losers.
1. The French, The Spanish, and the Natives. The french lost money, the natives lost tribes and the Spanish was weaker and poorer 
7. What happened to the Loyalists in America after the war?
1. Some went back to Britain 
2. Some went to Canada 
3. Some felt betrayed 
8. What were the most important battles of the war? (Note battle are plural). 
1. Quebec
2. Lexington & Concord
3. Bunker Hill
4. Fort Ticonderoga
5. Saratoga
9. List at least five reasons why the Americans won.
1. George Washington was their leader
2. They had a goal for their independence.
3. They fought on their land.   
10. Why did the British strategy for the war make little sense?
1. They didn't have an experienced leader.
11. How did the British fail to win the war in 1776? Who was the general in charge? 
1. Howe was the general
2. Their plan wasn't very good and not carried out. 
12. "America was already developing the notion that all were entitles to the best if they worked hard enough, that aiming high was not only morally accepted but admirable." Discuss that importance of this statement. 
1. If you lived in America, if you worked hoard enough you can become of a higher social status. In Britain, if you were a lower class then you weren't supposed to want nice things and you just had to deal with the caste you were born into. 
13. Who were the two most important people involved with the push towards a new constitution. 
1. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. 
1. Hamiltons bog reasons was because America was in debpt. To get the states out of debt, you need a strong central governement. 
2. Madison and Hamilton both wanted a strong central government. Constitution didn't happen over night. It was long debated. When they went to fix the constitution they threw out the old one. 
14. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
1. Couldn't collect taxes. 
2. The power was mainly in the state governments
3. There was no central government. 
15. In your opinion why would some people prefer state rights over a central governemnt. What are arguments for both sides. 
1. Not all laws apply to every state and they were all different. Also it was feared that if they had a central government, then it can become too controlling. 
2. On the other hand having a central government would keep you united country and on the same page. 
16. What is a nomocracy? How do you feel about this term connected with the U.S. government?
1. A government ruled by law. 
2. It is accurate, if you are a lawyer you have more wealth 
17. What were the three compromises in the Constitution? Which one of these seems the strangest to you?
1. Compromise one 
1. Gave the house of representatives, directly elected by popular votes on the localities, the control of money Bills, and a senate, particularly charged with foreign policy and other matters, to represent the states, with senators for each state, chosen by individual legislatures. 
2. Compromise two
1. Gave congress the power to regulate or ban the slave trade.
1. They word slave or slavery was avoided
2. slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person when it came to population, but didn't have the right to vote
1. It would raise their population for more representatives. 
3.  they omitted any condemnation of slavery. 
3. Compromise three
1. It dealt with the election of the president. 
2. Madison and Hamilton wanted a presidency for a strong central government. 
18. What is the irony about the President vs. a King as example by Johnson. 
1. He didn't wan the power in the hands of stupid people because they would do stupid things. The president was almost a dictator. Hr had more power then most kings of the time. Though, unlike the king, the president was the only official elected by the entirenation. Kings were born into power. 

Klawock Trip Work.

4. They had one of the strongest Navy's in the world, they out numbered the Americans, they also had a lot of money

5. They didn't want war, they depended on the British for work, they were members of the Angelican Church, or they just didn't know what the big deal was. 

6. He persuaded many colonists to independence. 

7. The French and Spanish. 

8. They didn't have good food, shelter, and clothes. 

9. She thought that men and women should get the same education. 

10. The British seemed to be less of a threat. 

11. Guerrilla Warfare

12.  The Patriot victory at Yorktown

13. They knew the land, and the Brirish had to send troops and supplies over. 

14. They had home court advantage, they had a bigger reason to win
15. Some women dressed as men and enrolled themselves in the military, and bothers worked alongside them in the war
16. the cities were close and so the people would surrender. 
17. It started the French  revolution 

Chapter 5 Section 2 notes

• 1768- British sent officers to colonies in fear of rebellion.
• March 5, 1770 the Boston Massacre took place, fight British vs. Colonists, 5 died
• Colonial leaders used killing as propaganda against British
• Boston Massacre lead to stronger boycotts
• 1772, Adams revived the Boston committee of correspondence to organize protests
• 1773- Tea Act
•  Made the compony able to send tea to the colonies without paying the usual taxes. 
• December 16, 342 boxes of tea were thrown into the Boston Harbor by Son of Liberty dressed as Mohawks
• 1774- Coercive acts
• Made to punish colonist
• closed Boston Harbor
• Colonists here forces to shelter soldiers
• The Quebec acts
• it gave religious freedom to French Canadian Catholics
• All the new laws were knew by the colonists as the Intolerable Acts. 

Pg 134, #1-5

1) The Writes of Assistance was thought to, in the long run, to help the revenue. But really, it just lead to the boycott of acts and laws. For example many people signed the nonimportation agreement. So a resolution was declared in the colonists favor. It would eventually repel the Stamp act.

2) The colonists felt like they were being stripped of their freedom so they rebelled and then the British got angery. Another reason was the colonists felt like the British was being unfair.

3) Because they felt like they couldn't be secure in their home.

4) Because the British were in best and they felt the colonists should pay for it and the colonists felt differently, so they rebelled which only have the British want to take more of their freedom and more if their rights.

5) Sugar act- Angered the colonists, they thought their rights were being taken
Stamp Act- The house os burgesses protested, there were boycotts, the Sons of Liberty was created to rebel
Townshend Act- Colonists were outraged, they left onlt they could tax themselves, they brouhgt back the boycott, women even protested, daughters of liberty.

Don't Know Much About History, Chapter 2

o   King Philip’s war

§  Summer 1676

§  Metacom/ King Philip

§  Vicious war/ Mohegan’s

o   Nat Bacon’s Rebellion

§  1676

§  Governor Berkley limits colonists expansion

§  Bacon raises troops and goes and kills Indians.

§  Berkeley declares Bacon an outlander

§  Bacon burns Berkeley’s mansion

§  British troops come.

o   Salem Witch Trials

§  1692

§  Shows the danger of church/state connection.

o   The Great Awakening

§  1740’s

§  Jonathan Edward

·      Religious reverend “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

§  Leads to the funding of many universities

·      Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth.

§  Divisions of church and state

§  Spirit of toleration (religious)

o   John Peter Zenger

§  1732

§  Trial for printing “advertisements” or political cartoons

§  Freedom of press

o   French and Indian War

§  French/ English world domination and North America

§  French had natives on their side because they were more interested in trade while the English just wanted to take land.

§  French was the lesser of two evils.

§  William Pitt

·      Savior of the war for the English

·      Conquest of North America

·      Able to barrow/ raise money to win war

§  James Wolfe and Jeffery Amherst

·      Commanders that helped win war

·      Amherst gave natives blankets from smallpox hospital

o   Events that lead to the Revolutionary war

§  Sugar Act

·      Tax on all sugar

§  Stamp Act

·      Taxes on everything with a stamp on it

§  Townshend Act

·      British troops to America

·      Boston massacre

§  Tea Act

·      1773

·      Boston Tea Party

§  Intolerable Acts  (kings punishment)

·      Closes down Boston harbor

·      Revoked Massachusetts’ charter

·      Soldiers- housed

·      Administration of Justice act

·      Quebec act

o   Upset Massachusetts and Virginia

o   Gave the land of the Ohio country into the hands of Quebec

o   Sons of Liberty

§  Samuel Adams

§  James Otis

·      “No taxation without representation.”

§  Crispus Attucks

·      African American who fought and died in the revolutionary war

§  Paul Revere.

o   Lexington and Concord

§  April, 1775

§  Paul Revere’s ride wasn’t only to warn the fighters, but to tell John Hancock and Sam Adams that the British were coming for them. 

Questions for French and Indian War, Part One.

1) What was the significance of the Forks of the Ohio to each of the

Competing groups?

            The area was good for trade.

2) Why would the British be concerned by the French forts west of the Appalachian Mountains?

Because if they claim land all along the Appalachians, then that would keep the British to the coast and they wouldn’t have anywhere else to go.

3) Which Indians had claims to land at the Forks of the Ohio?

The Iroquois.

           

4) List important individuals in this segment.

Edward Bradik, Half King, George Washington.

5) What qualities did George Washington display as a young military leader? Which of these helped him succeed in his military career?

            George Washington was naive, but one quality that helped him in his later career was that he was ambitious.